MDR is short for memory data register. As you might guess, the MDR is the analog of the MAR, except it is used with the data bus, instead of the address bus. Unlike the MAR, where we either place the address on the address bus or we don't (by deactivating the tri-state buffer between the MAR and the address bus), the MDR has more operations than just placing the data on the data bus or not placing it.
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